Machine for breaking stones fob ballasting railroads and turnpikes



A. G. ELLITHORPE & I. SGOVILL E. MACHINE FOR CRACKING STONE FORBALLASTING RAILROADS, an.

a w Q n v 5M 5 i v W m .M .4" W N w n W a W J A. C. ELLITHORPE AND IVESSCO-VILLE, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

MACHINE FOR- BREAKING STONES FOR BALLASTING RAILROADS AND TURNPIKES.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 22,113, dated November 23, 1858.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that we, A. C. ELLITI-IORPE andIvns SCOVILLE, of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois,have invented a new and useful Improvement in Machines for CrackingStone for Ballasting Railroads and Highways; and we do hereby declarethat the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of thisspecification, in which Figure l, is an end view ofone of our improvedstone cracking cylinders. Fig. 2, is a side view of the same, and Fig.3, is a transverse section oftwo of said cylinders arranged foroperating together.

Similar letters of reference, in each of the several figures indicatecorresponding parts;

Before setting forth the nature of our invention, we deem it proper tostate that in order to accomplish economically and perfeotlythe crackingof stone by mechanical means to a size suitable for macadamizing orballasting railroads andhighwaysa machine of great strength, durabilityand con siderable cost is necessary and that therefore it is importantto so construct and arrange the cracking teeth which are subjected to avery great resistance, strain and wear, that they will be able toefiectively perform the duty assigned them under ordinary circumstanceswithout breaking off or being impaired to an extent beyond that commonto all similar mechanical combinations which act with friction againstresisting objects with which they are brought in contact, and in theevent of one section of the teeth being exerted beyond their strength,and said section should give way, facilities shall be afiorded wherebythe worn, broken or impaired sections may be removed independently ofthe perfect sections and others introduced in their stead at a smallcost and with very little labor and delay.

Therefore, the object of our invention is to produce a machine whichwill economically and practically crack stone to a size suit-able forthe purposes stated, and possess all the above named requisites. Amachine of this character has long been desired but never beforeobtained so far as our knowledge extends.

The nature of our invention consists in constructing the crackingcylinders A, B, of a solid central core or base C, and of a sectionalouter shell D, D, D, the sections of solid shell being fastened togetherby tongues and grooves a, b,.as shown; and

the outer surface of the shell dressed with stone cracking teeth E, E,E, which are set in rows running parallel, longitudinally, and diagonal,transversely to the axis of the cylinder, and which are shaped similarto one half of a pyramid which is cut vertically through its center in-aline parallel with one of its sides, or so that the front or crackingsides 0, are fiat or at right angles to the axis of the cylinder whiletheir transverse and rear sides cl, 6, f, are similar to the sides of apyramid with t-he except-ion that the rear sides (Z, take the form of aquadrant of a circle as they rise to the apex or point of the teeth. Bythus constructing the cylinder with an outer sectional shell, the greatadvantage of having facilities for removing any section of the teethwhich may become worn or be broken, and substituting others for them, isobtained, and thus the necessity of providing at a considerable cost, anentirely new cylinder, avoided. And by shaping and arranging the teethas shown and above described the teeth by means of their straight broadflat side a, have a firmer hold upon the rock while the cracking isbeing performed than is obtained with teeth which present the form ofcomplete pyramids; because in the first case, the cracking side strikesthe rock with a surface which is at right angles to the axis of thecylinder while in the latter case, the rock is struck with a surfacewhich is oblique to the axis. The difference in effect of these twokinds. of teeth is very great for the first receives the strain from itsbase to its point all at the same time and thus insures the cracking ofthe rock while the other receives the strain first from its base andtherefrom gradually to its point in such a manner that its hold upon therock is very slight and its action altogether inadequate to the duty tobe performed. Now in order to render practicable this new shaped tooth,which is peculiarly adapted for its work, we have placed the teeth sothat they run in lines diagonal transversely to the axis of thecylinder, and so that the bases of the teeth unite, and each precedingtooth shall be supported by the roots or bases of each pair ofsucceeding teeth, and consequently the liability of the teeth beingbroken off by concussion in a great measure avoided. It will likewise beseen that this diagonal disposition of the teeth brings the teeth of oneparallel row opposite the spaces of another parallel row and thatconsequently the rock is cracked across the spaces between the teeth andthe cracked or broken pieces fall into the spaces and escape.

By arranging and shaping the teeth as described, we are enabled tocontrol the size to which the stone is cracked or broken, the width ofthe spaces between the teeth perfectly regulating the size. Y Inpractice, with this machine, two cylinders, constructed and dressed asjust described, are employed within a frame, being so geared andarranged that the teeth of one shall be in such relation to the spacesof the other and vice versa, that the point of each tooth of onecylinder shall point to the space between each pair of teeth of theother cylinder, and intersect said space in a manner to insure thecracking of the rock into uniformly sized pieces and to prevent any flatstone from passing through unbroken.

This machine has been tried on a large scale and found to answeradmirably for the purposes herein stated. v

What we claim as our invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is-

The cylinders A, B, constructed with a solid base C, and sectional shellD, D, D, when the said shell is made in segments and dovetailed andsecured together, and dressed with teeth shaped and set as described;and when the said cylinders are used for breaking stone for macadamizingor ballasting railroads etc. substantially as set forth.

The above specification of our improvement in stone crackers signed byus.

A. C. ELLITHORPE. IVES SCOVILLE. Witnesses:

G. YORKE A'r LEE, WM. AT LEE, GEORGE SCOVILLE, T. J. SAMMoNs.

